Death-Defining Immune Responses After Apoptosis

Immune responses after live attenuated influenza vaccination

Since 2003 (US) and 2012 (Europe) the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been used as an alternative to the traditional inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). The immune responses elicted by LAIV mimic natural infection and have been found to provide broader clinical protection in children compared to the IIVs. However, our knowledge of the detailed immunological mechanisims induced by...

Humoral immune responses after rabies infection.

Close - to - Death Experience after Trauma

تجربه نزدیک به مرگ، یکسری وقایع واضحی است که توسط افراد معدودی بعد از دوره ای از مرگ بالینی گزارش می گردد (بعضی از افراد این تجربیات را به دنبال جراحی، تولد بچه و خودکشی عنوان می نمایند. برخی از مؤلفین برآورد کرده اند که تقریبا ۴۰ درصد افرادی که بطور موفق احیاء شده اند و یا در موقعیتهای تهدید کننده زندگی قرار گرفته اند، تجربه نزدیک مرگ داشته اند. قربانیان اغلب بعضی از وقایع را در طول احیاء بیاد...

Cytotoxic drugs, programmed cell death, and the immune system: defining new roles in an old play.

Since the first use of aminopterin to treat childhood leukemia by Sidney Farber almost 50 years ago, chemotherapy for leukemias and solid tumors has come a long way (1). With combinations of several drugs in the 1960s and early 1970s and the development of repetitive cycle protocols, long-term remission of some cancers has been achieved in a considerable number of patients. Dose-intensification...

Oxidative stress-dependent changes in immune responses and cell death in the substantia nigra after ozone exposure in rat

Parkinson's disease has been associated with the selective loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role. The resulting increase in reactive oxygen species triggers a sequence of events that leads to cell damage, activation of microglia cells and neuroinflammatory responses. Our objective was to study whether chronic...